Prior to the advent of the Apple II in 1977, a computer was usually built in a case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of set of slots themselves connected with wires. The CPU, memory and I/O peripherals were housed on individual PCBs or cards which plugged into the backplane.
With the arrival of the microprocessor, it became more cost-effective to place the backplane connectors, processor and glue logic onto a single "mother" board, with video, memory and I/O functions on "child" cards — hence the terms "motherboard" and daughterboard. The Apple II computer featured a motherboard with 8 expansion slots.
The early pioneers of motherboard manufacturing were Micronics, Mylex, AMI, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of Taiwan-based manufacturers.
During the late 1980 and 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard (see above). In the late 1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the early 2000s, many motherboards support a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retain only the graphics card as a separate component.
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